34 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and with neuropathic pain refractory to a least two previous analgesics, were randomly assigned to active or placebo smoked cannabis. The study aimed to examine the effect of cannabis on pain intensity mood and daily functioning compared to placebo. After a week of treatment, pain reduction, measured by the Descriptor Differential Scale, was significantly greater in the cannabis group compared to placebo group. Mood disturbance, physical disability, and quality of life were improved for the cannabis and placebo treatments similarly.