34 patients were randomized to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of two different procedures for the treatment of low-grade spondylolisthesis. Patients received either lateral lumbar interbody fusion (XLIF) or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and were assessed after 3 months. Results indicated that a higher incidence of perioperative hip flexion weakness was observed in the XLIF in comparison to TLIF but this was resolved by 3 months. Moreover, there were no differences between both groups regarding patient-reported pain, function, and satisfaction.