39 patients diagnosed with unilateral hip osteoarthritis undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) (33 of which completed the final follow-up) were randomized to perform either a full or partial weight-bearing rehabilitation protocol for 3 months, to examine the effects of these rehabilitation techniques on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (BC). Results indicated that there was no difference between the two treatment protocols in BMC and BC at 5 years post-operation. At 5 years, although there was no difference in fat mass and lean mass distribution, bone mineral density and total body composition each decreased compared to baseline.