45 osteoporotic compression fracture patients were randomized to be treated with either percutaneous transpedicular vertebroplasty or conservative treatment, both combined with medical line prevention of osteoporosis. Two year results aimed to compare both methods in terms of pain, physical activities, functional outcome, and mental status. The results, measured by Stanford and Oswestry Disabilities Index (ODI), favoured the surgical intervention at all-time points. However, adjacent osteoporotic vertebral fractures could not be prevented in either group.