26 elderly adults who were 6 months removed from hip fracture surgery (open reduction and internal fixation, or hip arthroplasty) were randomized to receive treatment with either high intensity leg strengthening exercises given by physiotherapists, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and mental imagery. Patients were assessed at one year post-fracture for isometric force production of lower extremity muscles, usual and fast gait speed, 6 minute walk distance, modified physical performance test, and SF-36 physical function. Force production, gait speed, walk distance, and modified physical performance were all significantly better in the exercise group compared to the control group.