139 participants, age 50 or older, hospitalized with a hip fracture and experiencing cardiovascular disease or risk factors and hemoglobin concentrations of less than 10 g/dL, were randomized into 1 of 2 groups, to discover the effect of blood transfusion on post-operative delirium. The Liberal treatment group, which contained patients who received one unit of packed red blood cells, and as much blood as needed to maintain a hemoglobin concentration greater than 10g/dL during hip surgery, or the Restrictive group, where participants received a transfusion if they developed symptoms of anemia or if, at the study physician’s discretion, their hemoglobin concentration was below 8g/dL. Results showed that delirium severity or occurrence after hip fracture surgery was not affected by blood transfusion (5 days after completion of surgery).