Data from 8 studies (3 RCTs, 1 clinically controlled trial, 3 cohort studies, and 1 case series), published between January 2011 and January 2013, was systematically evaluated to investigate the benefits of proximal exercise in improving pain and function in patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), when compared to benefits associated with knee exercise. The evidence presented in this systematic review indicated that proximal exercise programs resulted in a consistent reduction of pain and function in the treatment of Patellofemoral pain syndrome, while knee exercise therapy exhibited variable outcomes. All included studies were of moderate to high methodological quality.