Forty-three patients with complete nerve lacerations of the median or ulnar nerves in the distal forearm were treated using either a Collagen Nerve Guide Conduit, in which the gap of the encased nerve is less than 6 mm, or a conventional repair (direct suture or nerve graft). The purpose was to compare the recovery of sensory and motor functions between the two treatments. At 12 months, the Conduit group had significantly longer distal motor latency and lower compound muscle action potential, as well as a significantly lower score in motor domain of the Rosen hand function evaluation, comparatively. However, at 24 months, no significant differences were observed between groups in regards to amplitude, latencies, conduction velocities or Rosen scores.