40 patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were randomized to either receive acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH), or not, to determine whether ANH has an effect on allogeneic blood transfusion requirement postoperatively. Results indicated that the amount of allogeneic blood required following TKA was statistically similar between patients who did and did not receive ANH. There was, however, a significant difference in favour of the ANH group with respect to the number of patients requiring at least 2 units of allogeneic blood when transfusion was necessary.