117 patients with non-specific chronic low back pain were randomized to receive either active or sham interferential current therapy (IFC) with either limited or enhanced therapeutic alliance (TA). The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate role of TA in relieving pain in these patients. Results indicated that active IFC with enhanced TA yielded the greatest statistically-significant and clinically-meaningful effects on pain intensity and pressure pain sensitivity (PPT), whereas patients in the sham IFC + limited TA group demonstrated the smallest effects. Enhanced TA may be as important as active IFC for pain relief in this population.