23 studies (n = 2313, 4 randomized control trials, 18 cross-sectional/cohort observational studies and 1 cross-sectional study with a nested RCT) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D in athletes and to investigate the association between vitamin D inadequacy and injury. Pooled analysis revealed that 56% of athletes were vitamin D inadequate. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiently was found to be significantly greater at higher latitudes, during winter and spring seasons and for indoor sporting activities. It was noted that 43% of athletes experienced injuries, but its association with vitamin D inadequacy remains unclear.