58 patients with thoracolumbar or lumbar burst fracture undergoing short-segment pedicle screw fixation were randomized to either additional fusion with autograft or no additional fusion. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes between fusion and non-fusion cohorts. At a minimum of 10 years postoperatively, results demonstrated no significant difference in terms of kyphotic angle or vertebral body height or functional outcome as measured by Greenough Low-Back Outcome Score and a visual analog scale for pain. Segmental motion was maintained in the non-fusion group; however, more of these patients underwent additional surgery for hardware removal.