5 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis with the purpose of investigating the efficacy of vertebroplasty (VP) when compared to the conservative treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) in patients over the age of 50. Comparisons of these two interventions were made in terms of pain scores on a Visual Analog Scale 1, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after treatment and the incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures. Results of this meta-analysis support the use of vertebroplasty for pain reduction with no difference in the incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures noted between the vertebroplasty and conservative treatment groups.