This meta-analysis identified 15 randomized control trials which assessed the effects of exercise therapy on pain and patient-reported measures of activity limitations and participation restrictions (PRMALP) in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PPS), when compared to no exercise therapy, receiving additive therapy, or receiving various exercise interventions. A total of 748 patients were assessed throughout the 15 studies, and were evaluated over short- (12 weeks or less) or long-term (26 weeks or more) periods. Results indicated that exercise therapy significantly decreased pain and PRMALP in patients with PPS, although there was not enough evidence to make conclusions regarding the most effective exercise modalities.