60 female patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomized to undergo a progressive resistance exercise (PRE) program or to remain on the waiting list for physical therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PRE on women with knee osteoarthritis. A visual analogue pain scale, the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index, the Likert scale, and one-repetition maximum strength test were among the outcomes assessed. Results indicated that patients who participated in the PRE program experienced improvements which led to significantly greater pain relief, functional improvement, and strength increase compared to patients in the control group.