706 elderly females with diminished balance and gait capacities were randomized to receive either a balance-focused exercise program, consisting of supervised small-group sessions and individually prescribed home exercises, or no exercise program. The purpose of the study was to determine how effective a balance retraining program would be in reducing injurious falls among these women over a 2 year period. Results indicated that the program was effective in reducing the combined rate of moderate and serious injurious falls, and improving both measured and perceived physical function in elderly females, as compared to the females not receiving a program.