39 studies (4109 patients) were included in this meta-analysis for the purpose of determining which types of exercise interventions were most effective in reducing pain in adults with chronic non-specific low back pain when compared to other interventions or a control (waitlist, usual activities, general practitioner care, electrotherapies or manipulative therapies). The results suggested that exercise had a small beneficial effect on pain, with coordination/stabilization and strength/resistance exercise methods having the greatest treatment effects. Cardiorespiratory exercise and combined exercise treatments did not have significant effects on low back pain.