60 patients undergoing primary medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty were randomized to undergo surgery either with the use of patient-specific instrumentation or conventional instrumentation. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine if patient-specific instrumentation benefited surgical outcomes, including implant positioning, functional outcomes, and 3-dimensional gait parameters at 1 year postoperatively. The results displayed no significant differences between the two surgical methods in terms of spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters at 1 year, functional and quality of life outcomes at 3 months and 1 year, or in lower limb alignment and implant positioning in the radiographic analysis.