94 patients scheduled to undergo two-stage exchange arthroplasty were randomized to either receive or not receive a 3-month oral antibiotic treatment following completion of second stage reimplantation. The purpose of this study was to determine if an intensive antibiotic therapy would be associated with a lower incidence of re-infection prevention failures, as assessed by a log rank survival curve. Results demonstrated a significantly small percentage of infection prevention failures in patients who received antibiotic therapy after a mean follow-up of 16.3 months.