51 patients with T11-L2 thoracolumbar burst fractures (TCBF) were randomized to receive either single screw-rod anterior instrumentation (SSRAI) or double screw-rod anterior instrumentation (DSRAI). The purpose of this study was to compare the two instrumentation techniques to determine their comparative clinical efficacy on TCBFs with incomplete neurological deficit. Findings indicated no significant differences between groups for kyphosis, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale scores, and Denis pain and work scores at 6 postoperative months. However, operating time was shorter and estimated operative blood loss was less in the SSRAI group compared to the DSRAI group.