130 patients undergoing bone substitution implantation were randomized to one of two synthetic porous composite groups for the purpose of comparing the efficacy and safety throughout a 24-week period: (1) porous hydroxyapatite/collagen composite (HAp/CoL) or (2) porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP). Results demonstrated that a significantly larger proportion of patients in the HAp/CoL had "highly effective" implants and regeneration when compared to the beta-TCP group at 18 and 24 weeks. However, the number of cases exhibiting side effects, such as swelling, rubor, increased effusion, and infection, was also higher in the HAp/CoL group when compared to the beta-TCP group.