150 women with osteoporosis or osteopenia were randomized to one of three groups; one group underwent a single session of resistance exercises, one group underwent a single session of simply walking, and one group was a control with no intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare pre- and post-intervention serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and sclerostin between groups. No group demonstrated a significant change in BALP levels. CTX levels were significant increased from pre- to post-intervention in the resistance exercises group, whereas sclerostin levels were significantly increased from pre- to post-intervention in the walking group.