120 patients scheduled for hip resurfacing surgery were randomized to receive either cementless or cemented femoral component implants. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cementless implantation and subsequent femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) after a follow-up period of two years. Results indicated that total BMD was significantly higher in patients in the cementless implant group at 6 months and 1 year, even though there was no significant difference in patient-reported functional outcomes between study groups after follow-up period was completed.