13 studies were evaluated in this systematic review determining whether exercise can improve kyphotic angle in adults at least 45 year old or older with preexisting hyperkyphosis. Measures of kyphosis or forward head posture were investigated, although meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity in intervention techniques. 2 RCTs found significant differences between groups, favouring exercise aimed at increasing back extensor muscle strength to treat hyperkyphosis, whereas other studies reported no significant differences or only within-group differences. Overall, evidence was found to be sparse and lacking standardized clinical outcome measures. Further studies will be necessary in order to conclude on the effects of exercise on hyperkyphosis.