14 patients with isolated single full-thickness femoral condylar chondral defects of the knee (>2 cm-squared in area) qualifying for cartilage repair surgery were randomized to receive either matrix-induced autologous mesenchymal stem cell implantation (m-AMI), or matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (m-ACI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the objective and subjective functional, radiological and clinical outcomes from the use of both grafts. Strength testing, knee motion, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores. Tegner scores, pain and MOCART scoring were assessed preoperatively, and 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. The findings of this trial indicate that the both grafts successfully repaired chondral defects.