739 patients with a displaced femoral neck fracture to be treated with hemiarthroplasty were randomized into two groups, which received either routine intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis alone or intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis and local application of 2 gentamicin-containing collagen sponges into the hip joint. The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of these sponges in reducing surgical site infections (SSIs) within 30 days of surgery, in addition to routine antibiotic prophylaxis. The results indicated that gentamicin-collagen sponges did not provide any added benefit in terms of SSI incidence.