317 patients, with 251 completing follow up, were randomized following primary, unilateral total knee arthroplasty, to either a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) group, a placebo-TENS group, or a standard care group. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients using TENS during rehabilitation exercises experienced less pain during movement, less hyperalgesia, and better function than those receiving placebo-TENS or standard care. This study indicated that the outcomes for the TENS and TENS-placebo group did not significantly differ in either the immediate postoperative period, or at 6-week follow-up.