3 randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review/meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of unilateral versus bilateral pedicle screw (PS) fixation of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) for the treatment for lumbar degenerative diseases. Pooled analyses revealed no significant differences in VAS-back pain, Oswestry Disability Index, fusion rate and complications between groups. However, estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the unilateral fixation group compared to the bilateral fixation group.